A study of middle-aged adults in Sweden found that habitual coffee drinking had little meaningful relationship with sleep quality or daytime sleepiness.

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The study, published in PLOS One, included 25,381 adults ages 50 to 64.

It concluded that coffee consumption showed a very low association with sleep patterns.

While some statistically significant associations emerged, the overall correlation with perceived sleepiness was described as negligible.

Higher coffee intake was associated with slightly better self-reported sleep quality, less difficulty falling asleep, less waking too early, and lower reflux frequency at bedtime, but also with a higher frequency of loud snoring.

The gap between heavier and lighter coffee drinkers on most sleep measures was about 2%, with the biggest gap found being 7.7%, indicating minor practical effects.

The research suggested that the assumption that more coffee leads to worse sleep may not be accurate, but also highlighted minor effects of coffee consumption on sleep measures.

The study adds to existing research on coffee and sleep associations, with some studies suggesting that caffeine may affect brain activity during sleep and that coffee can help a sleep-deprived brain in the moment.

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